交通部


关于印发应用先进技术促进交通产业升级若干意见的通知


各省、自治区、直辖市、计划单列市、新疆生产建设兵团交通厅（局、委）各有关单位：

为进一步依靠科技进步提高交通运输产业整体水平和竞争能力，更好地实现“十五”交通事业发展的战略目标，现将《关于应用先进技术促进交通产业升级的若干意见》印发给你们，请遵照执行。

交通部
二○○一年六月二十日


关于应用先进技术促进交通产业升级的若干意见

一、前言

1、利用先进技术，促进交通产业升级，是依靠科技进步提高交通运输产业整体水平和

竞争能力的主要途径，是迎接经济全球化，为我国入世做好充分准备的一个重要环节，是实现我国经济发展两个根本性转变、贯彻落实 “科教兴国”和“可持续发展”战略的具体要求。各级交通主管部门要深刻认识利用先进技术，实现交通产业升级的战略意义，作好指导和服务工作。交通企业应当加强对先进技术研发、应用和推广，提高竞争力。

二、加快先进技术的推广和应用，提高行业生产服务效率

2、促进交通产业升级的总体设想是：以一系列新材料、新工艺、新装备的开发应用为手段，逐步实现工程建设养护管理的机械化，提高基础设施的质量和使用性能；在全面推广应用成熟的计算机信息管理技术的基础上，加大智能运输系统（ITS）等先进信息管理技术的研发力度，逐步推进基础设施运营管理的智能化，最大程度发挥现有交通设施功能；全面提高交通运输组织、管理的现代化水平，提高交通运输服务水平，逐步实现交通运输的高效化和专业化，发展现代物流业；以环保技术、安全技术开发为重点，逐步建立快速、畅通、安全、便捷、高效的新型交通运输网络体系，提高我国交通运输的可持续发展能力和国际竞争力。

3、面向公路建设主战场，重点推广应用计算机设计集成系统，改变传统公路规划、设计工作方式，逐步实现公路规划决策的科学化，测量和设计的一体化、电子化；开发应用公路建设新材料、新工艺和新设备，提高公路使用的耐久性和安全性，保证工程质量，延长公路使用寿命，降低公路建设总体成本；开发跨海大桥建设新技术，适应运输大通道建设要求；开发推广高等级公路维修养护技术，保持高等级公路的服务水平；开发高等级公路建设和维修养护成套技术装备，逐步实现工程建设、养护自动化。

4、提高公路网的运营管理和服务水平。重点开发应用网络环境下的电子收费系统技术，逐步实现全国范围内的“一卡通”；开发推广高速公路交通安全应急系统，提高公路安全性和事故防范能力；建设中国公路交通管理数据库和统计分析系统，实现全国范围内的公路联网管理。

5、以适应船舶大型化、专业化的发展需求和货种变化的需要为目标,重点开发应用深水枢纽港建设技术，降低建港成本、缩短施工工期、延长使用寿命；开发推广港口码头改造新技术，优化码头泊位结构；应用计算机技术、无线电数字通讯技术，建立集装箱码头智能化系统，开发港口生产作业优化与自动控制技术，提高港口作业效率及现代化水平；开发应用内河水运主通道航道建设新技术，提高水运资源利用效率。

6、运用先进的运输装备，提高市场竞争能力，适应交通运输的发展需要。重点引进开发客车及专用车成套技术，提高大型客车的生产制造水平及其技术含量，满足国内运输发展需求；开发汽车综合性能检测诊断设备，逐步实现我国汽车检测诊断自动化；开发研制先进的运输船舶，调整船型结构，优化船队构成；开发研制沿海大型、高效集装箱及大宗散货装卸机械，同时针对集装箱支线港、中转站及内河港口的发展需要，开发灵活适用、价格低廉的内河及集装箱支线港装卸机械（包括集装箱专用机械），提高港口装卸效率，实现港口装卸现代化。

7、结合西部大开发战略，研究开发适合西部地区特殊地理、地质、环境条件及经济发展特点的交通基础设施建设关键技术，提高西部地区交通基础设施的建设水平，改善西部地区交通条件，促进西部地区经济发展。重点研究大断面特长公路隧道关键技术、山区高等级公路修筑技术、西部地区航道建设整治技术等一系列成套技术研究，并与其环境保护和环境治理工作相结合，广泛开展相关的交通环保技术研究和推广应用工作。

8、充分应用现代信息技术，全面提高客货运输组织管理水平和服务能力，加速建立现代化的公路、水路运输体系。主要包括：加快客运组织信息系统的开发、应用，实现全国客运信息联网服务；以主枢纽港站为依托，以货运组织技术开发和信息系统建设为重点，全面改善货运业组织管理水平，促进传统交通产业向现代物流产业的转化，提高货运业的生产效率和市场竞争力，建设网络发达、经济合理、技术先进、快捷灵活的货物运输系统。

9、开发应用公路、水路交通安全和环境保护技术，促进交通行业的可持续发展，提高交通运输安全管理水平，降低事故率，保障运输安全。重点开发应用的专项技术包括：开发航运安全保障系统，港口重大危险事故控制系统，海上大面积溢油应急系统及关键技术，公路环保专项技术等。

三、充分发挥各方面作用，形成完善的技术创新运作机制

10、交通产业升级要靠政府、企业、科研院所与中介组织的共同努力来实现。要加快建立以政府为主导、以企业为主体、以各行业协会（学会）和社会中介组织为纽带、以科研院所和大学为技术创新源泉和主力军的产业升级运作机制。充分发挥政府、企业和社会等多方面的优势和积极性，逐步形成以市场需求为导向、以先进技术研发推广为重点、以企业技术进步为目标的运行机制。

11、落实交通部2000年282号文（“交通部关于加强技术创新、推进交通事业发展的若干意见”）的要求，进一步做好科技进步激励政策的研究与制定工作。同时，要通过制定交通产业发展政策和技术政策，明确行业发展方向和技术走向，指出国家重点支持和鼓励的技术领域及产业改造方向，调动和发挥企业技术改造的积极性，为交通产业的优化升级创造良好的政策环境。各级交通主管部门要充分发挥政府的主导作用，通过制定本地区交通行业技术改造和高新技术推广应用规划，合理引导、分步实施，推动本地区交通行业技术改造和产业升级工作的顺利进行。对符合交通产业政策及技术政策要求、有利于交通行业整体科技进步的企业技术改造和技术研发项目，部将给予优先安排国家立项申请等优惠政策。

12、交通行业企业要以提高市场占有率、增加经济效益和强化竞争能力为目标，建立企业技术中心，并与科研院所、院校相结合，形成科工贸一体化的发展模式，通过技术创新、技术改造，不断提高企业的总体技术水平和人员素质水平。具体措施包括设立研发基金，解决生产中急需解决的核心技术，加大技术储备，为交通产业升级奠定技术基础，使企业真正发展成为产业升级的主体。

13、科研院所与大专院校，要以交通运输的发展为主线，面向生产第一线，面向交通发展主战场，积极促进科研成果的产业化和商品化。交通行业协会（学会）和社会中介组织要充分发挥纽带和桥梁作用，实现科技成果与市场的有机结合，同时要大力组织开展科技中介咨询服务和高新技术培训，加快科技交易市场的建立和完善，加速科技信息交流，促进科技成果的转化和推广应用。

四、加大科技投入和人才培养力度，为产业升级提供动力和源泉

14、进一步加大交通科技投入力度。除按部282号文要求，各省、市、自治区交通主管部门每年提取交通规费的1-1.5%用于重大专项技术研究开发外，对重点公路、水运基建工程项目，还要提取其投资的1%建立先进技术研发专项基金，由各地交通主管部门统筹安排、专款专用，加大政府对技术推广应用和产业升级的扶持力度。一些应用基础性研究与前瞻性研究项目，企业重点技术改造项目及重点领域的实验室建设费用，可在此基金中列支。

15、对重大科研项目实行招标制，改变传统科研项目管理模式，优化科技资源配置，建立竞争、择优的技术创新机制，提高科研经费的使用效率和效益，加大对重大科研项目的投入，避免低水平的重复研究开发。对共性、关键性和前沿性的重大科技问题的研究开发和产业化工作，要逐步采用招标制，以实现研发队伍的优化组合，充分发挥交通及社会各界的智力资源优势，提高重大科研项目的综合技术水平。

16、牢固树立“人才竞争”观念，优化人才结构，加强人才梯队建设。经济竞争其实质是技术的竞争，技术竞争的实质是人才的竞争。为适应世界经济形势与交通产业升级的要求，各级主管部门和企事业单位，必须重视技术人才、管理人才、经营人才的培养，通过政策的引导、激励机制的建立，造就一支以学科带头人为龙头、以技术骨干为基础的高素质技术人才梯队，提高交通行业队伍的整体素质。

17、建立多种方式的人才培养机制，提高交通人力资源开发。通过改革人事聘任制度，建立人才准入制度，完善分配制度，改进职工在职培训制度，制定研究基金制度，建立合理的人才流动制度，创造一个有利于中青年技术、管理、经营骨干脱颖而出的良好环境。

18、采取多种方式，加快西部地区交通运输人才的培养。针对西部地区人才需求状况，建立以高校为依托的西部地区交通运输人才培养体系。同时，对西部交通职工广泛开展短期培训，提高员工学习运用新知识的能力，提高其对新技术、新工艺、新装备的掌握和使用技能。并通过对口支援、挂职锻炼等方式鼓励人才西进，要重视对少数民族技术人员的培养。

The Standing Committee of the National People's Congress


LAW OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ON ASSEMBLIES, PROCESSIONSAND DEMONSTRATIONS

(Adopted at the Tenth Meeting of the Standing Committee of the
Seventh National People's Congress on October 31, 1989, promulgated by
Order No. 20 of the President of the People's Republic of China on October
31, 1989 and effective as of the same date)

Contents
Chapter I General Provisions
Chapter II Application and Permission for Assemblies, Processions and
Demonstrations
Chapter III The Holding of Assemblies, Processions and Demonstrations
Chapter IV Legal Responsibility
Chapter V Supplementary Provisions

Chapter I General Provisions
Article 1
Pursuant to the Constitution, this Law is enacted to safeguard citizens'
exercise of their right to assembly, procession and demonstration
according to law and to maintain social stability and public order.
Article 2
This Law shall apply to assemblies, processions and demonstrations held
within the territory of the People's Republic of China.
The term "assembly" used in this Law means an activity in which people
gather at a public place in the open air to express views or aspirations.
The term "procession" used in this Law means an activity in which people
line up for a march along a public road or across a public place in the
open air to express their common aspirations.
The term "demonstration" used in this Law means an activity in which
people express their common aspirations, including demands, protests,
support or moral support, in the manner of an assembly, a procession, a
sit-in, etc., at a public place in the open air or along a public road.
This Law shall not apply to recreational or sports activities, normal
religious activities or traditional folk events.
Article 3
The citizens' exercise of their right to assembly, procession and
demonstration shall be safeguarded by the people's governments at all
levels in accordance with the provisions of this Law.
Article 4
In exercising their right to assembly, procession and demonstration,
citizens must abide by the Constitution and the laws, shall not oppose the
cardinal principles specified in the Constitution and shall not impair
state, public or collective interests or the lawful freedoms and rights of
other citizens.
Article 5
An assembly, a procession or a demonstration shall be held in a peaceful
manner; no weapons, controlled cutting tools or explosives shall be
carried, and no violence employed.
Article 6
The competent authorities governing assemblies, processions and
demonstrations shall be the municipal public security bureau, county
security bureau or municipal public security sub-bureau in the localities
where the assemblies, processions and demonstrations are held; if the
route of a procession or demonstration cuts through two or more districts
or counties, the competent authorities thereof shall be the public
security organ at the next higher level to the public security organs in
such districts or counties.

Chapter II Application and Permission for Assemblies, Processions and Demonstrations
Article 7
For the holding of an assembly, a procession or a demonstration,
application must be made to and permission obtained from the competent
authorities in accordance with the provisions of this Law.
It shall not be necessary to apply for the following activities:
(1) celebrations or commemorative activities held by the state or by state
decisions; and
(2) assemblies held by state organs, political parties, public
organizations, enterprises or institutions in accordance with law or the
relevant articles of association.
Article 8
There must be a person or persons responsible for the holding of an
assembly, a procession or a demonstration.
For the holding of an assembly, a procession or a demonstration for which
an application has to be made under this Law, the responsible person(s)
must submit an application in writing to the competent authorities five
days prior to the date of the activity. The application shall specify the
purposes of the assembly, procession or demonstration, how it is going to
be conducted, the posters and slogans to be used, the number of
participants, the number of vehicles, the specifications and quantities of
the sound facilities to be used, the starting and finishing time, the
places (including places where the participants assemble and disperse),
the route, and the name(s), occupation(s) and address(es) of the person(s)
responsible for the assembly, procession or demonstration.
Article 9
After receiving an application for an assembly, a procession or a
demonstration, the competent authorities shall inform the responsible
person(s) in writing of their decision to grant or not to grant permission
two days prior to the date of the activity applied for. If no permission
is granted, the reasons thereof shall be given. Failure to serve notice
within the time limit shall be construed as the granting of permission.
If an assembly, a procession or a demonstration is truly necessitated by
unexpected occurrences, a report must be made immediately to the competent
authorities: upon receiving the report, the competent authorities shall
immediately examine it and decide to grant or not to grant permission.
Article 10
If an application is made for an assembly, a procession or a demonstration
which will press for the settlement of specific issues, the competent
authorities may, after receiving the application, inform the departments
or units concerned to resolve such issues through consultation with the
person(s) responsible for the assembly, procession or demonstration, and
may also postpone for five days the starting date specified in the
application.
Article 11
If the competent authorities are of the opinion that the holding of an
assembly, a procession or a demonstration at the time or place or along
the route specified in the application will seriously affect traffic and
public order, they may, upon or after granting permission, change the
time, place or route and inform the responsible person(s) of the change in
good time.
Article 12
No permission shall be granted for an application for an assembly, a
procession or a demonstration which involves one of the following
circumstances:
(1) opposition to the cardinal principles specified in the Constitution;
(2) harming the unity, sovereignty and territorial integrity of the state;
(3) instigation of division among the nationalities; or
(4) the belief, based on sufficient evidence, that the holding of the
assembly, procession or demonstration that is being applied for will
directly endanger public security or seriously undermine public order.
Article 13
If the person(s) responsible for an assembly, a procession or a
demonstration does not accept the competent authorities' decision not to
grant permission, he may apply to the people's government at the same
level for reconsideration within three days of receiving the notice on the
decision, and the people's government shall make a decision within three
days of receiving the application for reconsideration.
Article 14
The person(s) responsible for an assembly, a procession or a demonstration
may withdraw his application after submitting it and before receiving a
notice of the competent authorities; if a decision is made to call off the
assembly, procession or demonstration after receipt of the competent
authorities' notice on the granting of permission, the responsible
person(s) concerned shall inform the competent authorities of the decision
in good time and dismiss the participants if they have assembled.
Article 15
No citizens shall, in a city other than his place of residence, start,
organize or participate in an assembly, a procession or a demonstration of
local citizens.
Article 16
No functionary of a state organ shall organize or participate in an
assembly, a procession or a demonstration which contravenes the functions
and obligations of functionaries of state organs as prescribed in relevant
laws and regulations.
Article 17
If anyone organizes or participates in an assembly, a procession or a
demonstration in the name of a state organ, a public organization, an
enterprise or an institution, he must first obtain approval from its
leaders.

Chapter III The Holding of Assemblies, Processions and Demonstra- tions
Article 18
With respect to an assembly, a procession or a demonstration held in
compliance with law, the competent authorities shall dispatch the people's
police to keep traffic and public order and ensure the smooth progress of
the assembly, procession or demonstration.
Article 19
An assembly, a procession or a demonstration held in compliance with law
shall not be disturbed, broken into or disrupted by anybody by violence,
coercion or any other illegal means.
Article 20
In order to ensure the progress of a procession held in compliance with
law, the people's police responsible for keeping traffic order may
temporarily exercise flexibility in their execution of the relevant
provisions of traffic regulations.
Article 21
If it becomes impossible for a procession to follow the permitted route
because of unexpected circumstances occurring on the way, the chief police
officer present at the scene shall have the authority to change the route
of the procession.
Article 22
If an assembly, a procession or a demonstration is held in or passes by
places where state organs, military organs, radio stations, television
stations or foreign embassies or consulates are located, the competent
authorities may, with a view to keeping order, establish temporary
security lines, which shall not be crossed without permission by the
people's police.
Article 23
No assembly, procession or demonstration shall be held within a peripheral
distance of 10-300 metres from the following places, with the exception of
those approved by the State Council or the people's governments of
provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the
Central Government:
(1) premises of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress,
the State Council, the Central Military Commission, the Supreme People's
Court and the Supreme People's Procuratorate;
(2) places where state guests are staying;
(3) important military installations; and
(4) air harbours, railway stations and ports.
The specific peripheral distances from the places listed in the preceding
paragraph shall be defined by the people's governments of provinces,
autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central
Government.
Article 24
The time for holding an assembly, a procession or a demonstration shall be
limited to 6 a.m. - 10 p.m., with the exception of those held by decision
or approval of the local people's governments.
Article 25
An assembly, a procession or a demonstration shall be conducted in
accordance with the purposes, manners, posters, slogans, starting and
finishing time, places, routes and other matters for which permission has
been granted.
The person(s) responsible for an assembly, a procession or a demonstration
must assume responsibility for maintaining the order thereof and strictly
guard against participation by others.
The person(s) responsible for an assembly, a procession or a demonstration
shall, when necessary, appoint special personnel to assist the people's
police in maintaining order. The personnel responsible for the
maintenance of order shall wear identification marks.
Article 26
The holding of an assembly, a procession or a demonstration shall not
contravene the regulations on public security administration and shall not
involve criminal activities or the instigation of crimes.
Article 27
The people's police shall stop an assembly, a procession or a
demonstration that is being held, if it involves one of the following
circumstances:
(1) failure to make an application in accordance with the provisions of
this Law or to obtain permission for the application;
(2) failure to act in accordance with the purposes, manners, posters,
slogans, starting and finishing time, places and routes permitted by the
competent authorities; or (3) the emergence, in the course of the
activity, of a situation which endangers public security or seriously
undermines public order.
If any of the circumstances specified in the preceding paragraph occurs
and the instruction to stop the activity is ignored, the chief officer of
the people's police present at the scene shall have the authority to order
a dismission; for those who refuse to dismiss, the chief police officer
present at the scene shall have the authority to decide, in accordance
with relevant state provisions, on the adoption of necessary measures to
force a dismission and to take away from the scene by force those who
refuse to obey or detain them at once.
If a participant in an assembly, a procession or a demonstration crosses
the temporary security lines established in accordance with the provisions
of Article 22 of this Law, enters a certain peripheral space around the
specific places where no assemblies, processions and demonstrations shall
be held as specified in Article 23 of this Law, or commits other illegal
or criminal acts, the people's police may take him away from the scene by
force or detain him at once.

Chapter IV Legal Responsibility
Article 28
Those who commit acts in violation of public security administration in
the process of an assembly, a procession or a demonstration shall be
punished in accordance with the relevant provisions of the Regulations on
Administrative Penalties for Public Security. The public security organ
may punish by warning or by criminal detention of not more than 15 days
the responsible person(s) and the person(s) who is directly responsible,
if an assembly, a procession or a demonstration that is being held
involves one of the following circumstances:
(1) failure to make an application in accordance with the provisions of
this Law or to obtain permission for the application; or
(2) failure to act in accordance with the purposes, manners, posters,
slogans, starting and finishing time, places, and routes permitted by the
competent authorities, and disregard of instructions to stop acting
without permission.
Article 29
Any participant in an assembly, a procession or a demonstration who
commits a crime shall be investigated for criminal responsibility in
accordance with the relevant provisions of the Criminal Law.
Any participant in an assembly, a procession or a demonstration who
carries weapons, controlled cutting tools or explosives shall be
investigated for criminal responsibility by applying mutatis mutandis the
provisions of Article 163 of the Criminal Law. In a case where no
application has been made for an assembly, a procession or a demonstration
in accordance with the provisions of this Law or no permission has been
granted for the application or where it is conducted not in accordance
with the starting and finishing time, places and routes permitted by the
competent authorities, while the order of dismission is disobeyed and
public order seriously undermined, the person(s) responsible for the
assembly, procession or demonstration and the person(s) who is directly
responsible shall be investigated for criminal responsibility in
accordance with the provisions of Article 158 of the Criminal Law.
In a case where an assembly, a procession or a demonstration leads to the
siege of a state organ or people breaking into it, preventing it from
conducting its business or state activities normally, the person(s)
responsible for the assembly, procession or demonstration and the
person(s) who is directly responsible shall be investigated for criminal
responsibility in accordance with the provisions of Article 158 of the
Criminal Law.
In a case where an assembly, a procession or a demonstration leads to the
occupation of public places, the interception of vehicles or pedestrians
or the gathering of crowds to block traffic, so that order at public
places and traffic order are seriously undermined, the person(s)
responsible for the assembly, procession or demonstration and the
person(s) who is directly responsible shall be investigated for criminal
responsibility in accordance with the provisions of Article 159 of the
Criminal Law.
Article 30
Those who disturb, break into or undermine by other means an assembly, a
procession or a demonstration held in compliance with law may be punished
by the public security organ by warning or by criminal detention of not
more than 15 days; if the circumstances are serious and a crime is
constituted, they shall be investigated for criminal responsibility in
accordance with the relevant provisions of the Criminal Law.
Article 31
If a party refuses to accept the decision on punishment by detention made
in accordance with the provisions of the second paragraph of Article 28 or
Article 30 of this Law, he may appeal to the public security organ at the
next higher level within five days of receiving the notice on the decision
on punishment; the public security organ at the next higher level shall
make a decision within five days of receiving the appeal; if the party
refuses to accept the decision of the public security organ at the next
higher level, he may institute proceedings in the people's court within
five days of receiving the notice on the decision.
Article 32
Anyone who, in the course of an assembly, a procession or a demonstration,
damages public or private property or causes injuries or deaths to others
shall be liable for compensation according to law, apart from being
punished in accordance with the relevant provisions of the Criminal Law or
the Regulations on Administrative Penalties for Public Security.
Article 33
If a citizen, in a city other than his place of residence, starts or
organizes an assembly, a procession or a demonstration by local citizens,
the public security organ shall have the authority to detain him or send
him back by force to his place of residence.

Chapter V Supplementary Provisions
Article 34
This Law shall apply to assemblies, processions and demonstrations held by
foreigners within the territory of China.
Foreigners in the territory of China may not, without approval by the
competent authorities, participate in an assembly, a procession or a
demonstration held by Chinese citizens.
Article 35
The public security department under the State Council may, in accordance
with this Law, formulate rules of implementation, which shall go into
effect after being submitted to and approved by the State Council.
The standing committees of the people's congresses of provinces,
autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central
Government may, in accordance with this Law, formulate measures for
implementation.
Article 36
This Law shall enter into force on the date of promulgation.



Important Notice:
This English document is coming from "LAWS AND REGULATIONS OF THE
PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA GOVERNING FOREIGN-RELATED MATTERS" (1991.7)
which is compiled by the Brueau of Legislative Affairs of the State
Council of the People's Republic of China, and is published by the China
Legal System Publishing House.
In case of discrepancy, the original version in Chinese shall prevail.